[SpringBoot] 6.2_순수 JDBC

환경 설정

 

* build.gradle 파일에 jdbc, h2 데이터베이스 관련 라이브러리 추가 

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc'
    runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher'
}

 

 

* 스프링 부트 데이터베이스 연결 설정 추가 (application.properties)

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/~/test
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa

 

 주의!! 스프링부트 2.4 이후부터는 spring.datasource.username=sa를 꼭 추가해주어야 한다.

그렇지 않으면 Wrong user name or password 오류 발생. 참고로 spring.datasource.username=sa 공백 주의, 공백은 모두 제거할 것.

 

 

Jdbc 리포지토리 구현 (참고만 하세요.. JDBC API로 직접 코딩하는 것은 20년 전 이야기..)

package hello.hello_spring.repository;

import hello.hello_spring.domain.Member;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;

public class JdbcMemberRepository implements MemberRepository {

    private final DataSource dataSource;

    public JdbcMemberRepository(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Override
    public Member save(Member member) {
        String sql = "insert into member(name) values(?)";

        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);

            pstmt.setString(1, member.getName());

            pstmt.executeUpdate();
            rs = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys();

            if (rs.next()) {
                member.setId(rs.getLong(1));
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("id 조회 실패");
            }
            return member;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findById(Long id) {
        String sql = "select * from member where id = ?";

        Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setLong(1, id);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if(rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                return Optional.of(member);
            } else {
                return Optional.empty();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public List<Member> findAll() {
        String sql = "select * from member";

        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>();
            while(rs.next()) { Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                members.add(member);
            }
            return members;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public Optional<Member> findByName(String name) {
        String sql = "select * from member where name = ?";

        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        try {
            conn = getConnection();
            pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            pstmt.setString(1, name);
            rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if(rs.next()) {
                Member member = new Member();
                member.setId(rs.getLong("id"));
                member.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                return Optional.of(member);
            }
            return Optional.empty();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        } finally {
            close(conn, pstmt, rs);
        }
    }

    private Connection getConnection() {
        return DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource);
    }

    private void close(Connection conn, PreparedStatement pstmt, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) {
                rs.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if (pstmt != null) {
                pstmt.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            if (conn != null) {
                close(conn);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void close(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
        DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(conn, dataSource);
    }


}

 

 

스프링 설정 변경

package hello.hello_spring;

import hello.hello_spring.repository.JdbcMemberRepository;
import hello.hello_spring.repository.MemberRepository;
import hello.hello_spring.repository.MemoryMemberRepository;
import hello.hello_spring.service.MemberService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {

    private DataSource dataSource;
    @Autowired
    public SpringConfig(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public MemberService memberService() {
        return new MemberService(memberRepository());
    }

    @Bean
    public MemberRepository memberRepository() {
//        return new MemoryMemberRepository();
        return new JdbcMemberRepository(dataSource); //JDBC 연결 후 Configuration 부분만 수정하면 됨.
    }

}

• 개방-폐쇄 원칙(OCP, Open-Closed Principle)
  확장에는 열려있고, 수정, 변경에는 닫혀있다.
• 스프링의 DI (Dependencies Injection)을 사용하면 기존 코드를 전혀 손대지 않고, 설정만으로 구현 클래스를 변경할 수 있다.